Components

K-5 Benchmark

Properties of Substances

• Use properties to sort natural and manufactured materials and objects, for example, size, weight, shape, color, texture, and hardness.

Motion of Objects

• Describe the relative position and motion of objects.

Wave Behavior

• Describe experiences with sound, for example, vibrations, echoes, and pitch. Describe experiences with light in terms of bouncing off, passing through, and changes in path direction.

Energy Sources and Kinds

• Understand that energy keeps things running and comes in many forms.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Systems Approach

• Identify the parts of a system, how the parts go together, and how they depend on each other.

Energy Transfer and Transformation

• Know that energy can be transferred from one object to another and can be transformed from one type of energy to another.

Structure of Matter

• Know that matter is made of small particles called atoms and molecules.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Nature of Forces

• Describe forces in terms of strength and direction.

Forces to Explain Motion

• Investigate and recognize factors, which determine the effects of a push or pull on the motion of objects.

Physical/Chemical Changes

• Know that matter can undergo changes of state, such as evaporation, condensation, or freezing and thawing.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Nature and Properties of Earth Materials

• Observe and examine physical properties of Earth materials, such as rocks and soil, water (as liquid, solid, and vapor) and the gases of the atmosphere.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Systems Approach

• Identify the parts of a system, how the parts go together, and how they depend on each other.

Components and Patterns of the Earth System

• Understand that Earth's system includes a mostly solid interior, landforms, bodies of water, and an atmosphere.

Components of the Solar System and Beyond (Universe)

• Know that the Earth is one of several planets that orbit the Sun, and the Moon orbits the Earth.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Processes and Interactions in the Earth System

• Identify processes that change the surface of the Earth such as earthquakes, erosion, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and weathering.

History and Evolution of the Earth

• Recognize that fossils provide evidence of plants, animals, and environments that existed long ago.

Hydrosphere/Atmosphere

• Observe and measure weather indicators such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and precipitation, noting changes and patterns of change from day-to-day and over the seasons.

Interactions in the Solar System and Beyond (Universe)

• Observe and describe the patterns of movement of the Sun and Moon relative to each other and the Earth, and relate them to the Earth's rotation.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Characteristics of Living Things

• Distinguish living organisms from nonliving objects, and use characteristics to sort common organisms into plant and animal groups.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Systems Approach

• Identify the parts of a system, how the parts go together, and how they depend on each other.

Structure and Organization of Living Systems

• Know that living things are composed of parts made of cells.

Molecular Basis of Heredity

• Describe the life cycles of plants and animals, and recognize the differences between inherited and acquired characteristics.

Human Biology

• Understand the organization and function of human body structures and internal organs and how they work together.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Life Processes and the Flow of Matter and Energy

• Recognize that living things need constant energy supplied from food or light and that in ecosystems substances such as air, water, nutrients, and the chemicals in food are continually recycled.

Biological Evolution

• Know that fossil records show patterns of structural change in species over time.

Interdependence of Life

• Describe how an organism's behavior and ability to survive is influenced by environment, other life forms, and the availability of food and/or other resources.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Questioning

• Ask questions about objects, organisms, and events in the environment.

Planning and Conducting Safe Investigations

• Plan and conduct simple investigations, using appropriate tools, measures, and safety rules.

Explaining

• Use data to construct reasonable explanations.

Modeling

• Model objects, events, or processes by representing them with concrete objects, metaphors, analogies, or other conceptual or physical constructs.

Communicating

• Record and report observations, explanations, and conclusions using visual, oral, written, and mathematical expression.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Intellectual Honesty

• Understand that all scientific observations should be reported accurately even when they contradict expectations.

Limitations of Science and Technology

• Distinguish between questions that can be answered with science and technology and those that cannot.

Evaluating Inconsistent Results

• Explain why similar investigations may not produce similar results.

Evaluating Methods of Investigation

• Recognize that results of scientific investigations can come from expected and unexpected sources.

Evolution of Scientific Ideas

• Know that ideas in science change as new scientific thinking, theories, and evidence arise.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

Identifying Problems

• Identify problems found in familiar contexts in which science/technology can be or has been used to design solutions.

Designing and Testing Solutions

• Propose, design, and test a solution to a problem.

Evaluating Potential Solutions

• Evaluate how well a design or a product solves a problem.

Components

K-5 Benchmark

All People Contribute to Science and Technology

• Know that science and technology have been practiced by all people throughout history.

Relationship of Science and Technology

• Recognize that people have invented tools for everyday life and for scientific investigations.

Careers and Occupations Using Science, Mathematics, and Technology

• Identify the knowledge and skills of science, mathematics, and technology used in common occupations.

Environmental and Resource Issues

• Know humans and other living things depend on the natural environment and can cause changes in their environment that affect their ability to survive.